A Sankey diagram is a type of visualization that demonstrates the movement of one set of data values to another set through a connected line where the significance of the connection is measured through the lines width and magnitude or the the darker the shade of color the line is, the more values that correlate between its transition to different states. The US Energy Flow Super Sankey website showcases a Snakey Diagram that maps the flow of energy from where it orginated from natural to renewable sources of energy and how it has been transformed and distributed across the various sectors (i.e, transportation, residential, industrial, etc.) of the US to power the country's way of life.
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| Figure 1.1: Sankey Diagram - Website Verison |
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Figure 1.2: Complete US Energy Flow Sankey Diagram
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While the inital image of the diagram at the beginning of the website, as shown in Figure 1.1, is only an incomplete screenshot of the full Sankey diagram. Whereas the full visualization linked here and as shown in Figure 1.2 (It's fairly large so the image may not be as clear with details), does a great job highlighting the complex and diverse range of how various types of energy soruces produced from natural gases, coal, nuclear power, solar power, hydropower, and other sources are distributed into core sectors of the US from commerical, resdential, industrial, and government. But as shown in Figure 1.3, the energy is distributed even further as the diagram shows how the sectors divide their energy across their respective operations.
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| Figure 1.3: Petrolum Distribution Across Transportation Sector |
For example Transportation, which primarily relies on petrolum as its source of energy, distributes its energy primarily into highway-related operations than non-highway operations, where the petrolum is divided across types of vehicles from light-duty to frieght trucks. And the flow contiunes from there. I also really liked the Waste set as shown in Figure 1.4 that eletricity loss across each of the sectors, noting how the wasted energy becomes greater, in terms of width, the deeper into the sector's subsectors of energy division the diagram goes, especially for the Industrial Sector. It is an great way to quickly compare the overall waste occuring across each of the United States' sectors as the various energy sources are distributed from a macroscale of the overall core sectors of the country to a microscale operations or aspects of each sector's subsection
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| Figure 1.4: Waste of Energy Across Sectors/Sector Subsections |
While the highlighting feature for the complete version of the Sankey Diagram is useful in helping in clarify and isolating specific details of the data as shown in the last two figures, for the overall diagram, I personally find it difficult to follow the smaller connections. As these smaller connections can get easily lost among the larger and more prominent flows of energy distribution, especially as it divides further into the sector's subsections of energy distribution. For example, in Figure 1.5, the distribution of energy across to government sector and its respective subsections such as the various Federal departments (Such as, the Department of Energy). Although due to the design principles of a Sankey Diagram, I understand that the smaller the connection in terms of smaller widths and lighter shades of color, the less significant the connection is to the larger narrative of the US energy flow across each of its core sector.
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| Figure 1.5: Energy Flow Across Government Sector |
For improvements of the large diagram, I would suggest simplifing the Sankey Diagram by seperating the further subsections of both the produced and distrubuted energy sources and the core US sectors into additional diagrams. Helping the audience being able to read the flow of energy clearly without being overloaded, with each diagram covering different versions from the macroscale view that demonstrates the flow of energy from the primary sources of energy to the primary sectors of the US, to the microscale view that can clearly highlight how much energy is distributed to each subsection of a sector or how much energy is wasted across the subsections. In conclusion, a Sankey diagram is another powerful tool in data visualization that needs to be carefully designed to effective communicate the narrative of how the data is changed or distributed into another state in a organized format that does not obscure vital pieces of information that can be easily deciphered and understood by the audience without much non-visualization assistance.